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Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Birds species of Nepal
This is a list of the bird species recorded in Nepal. The avifauna of Nepal includes a total of 900 species, of which 2 are endemic, 1 has been introduced by humans, and 74 are rare or accidental. 32 species are globally threatened.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Nepal.
The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. The commonly occurring, native, species do not fall into any of these categories.
(A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Nepal.
(E) Endemic A species endemic to Nepal.
(I) Introduced A species introduced to Nepal as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
Table of contents
Non-passerines: Grebes . Pelicans . Cormorants . Darters . Bitterns, Herons and Egrets . Storks . Ibises and Spoonbills . Flamingos . Ducks, Geese and Swans . Osprey . Hawks, Kites and Eagles . Caracaras and Falcons . Pheasants and Partridges . Buttonquails . Cranes . Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots . Bustards . Jacanas . Painted snipe . Oystercatchers . Ibisbill . Avocets and Stilts . Thick-knees . Pratincoles and Coursers . Plovers and Lapwings . Sandpipers and allies . Gulls . Terns . Skimmers . Sandgrouse . Pigeons and Doves . Parrots, Macaws and allies . Cuckoos and Anis . Barn owls . Typical owls . Nightjars . Swifts . Treeswifts . Trogons and Quetzals . Kingfishers . Bee-eaters . Typical Rollers . Hoopoes . Hornbills . Barbets . Honeyguides . Woodpeckers and allies .
Passerines: Broadbills . Pittas . Larks . Swallows and Martins . Wagtails and Pipits . Cuckoo-shrikes . Bulbuls . Kinglets . Leafbirds . Ioras . Waxwings . Dippers . Wrens . Accentors . Thrushes and allies . Cisticolas and allies . Old World warblers . Old World flycatchers . Fantails . Monarch flycatchers . Babblers . Parrotbills . Long-tailed tits . Chickadees and Titmice . Nuthatches . Wallcreeper . Treecreepers . Penduline tits . Sunbirds and Spiderhunters . Flowerpeckers . White-eyes . Old World Orioles . Fairy-bluebirds . Shrikes . Helmetshrikes . Drongos . Woodswallows . Crows, Jays, Ravens and Magpies . Starlings . Weavers and allies . Waxbills and allies . Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies . Siskins, Crossbills and allies . Sparrows .
Grebes
Order: Podicipediformes. Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis
Pelicans
Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus (A)
Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis
Cormorants
Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Phalacrocoracidae
The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger
Darters
Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Anhingidae
Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Darter Anhinga melanogaster
Bitterns, herons and egrets
Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Nepal.
Gray Heron Ardea cinerea
White-bellied Heron Ardea insignis
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta
Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia
White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae
Little Egret Egretta garzetta
Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Striated Heron Butorides striata
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
Malayan Night-Heron Gorsachius melanolophus (A)
Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis
Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis
Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris
Storks
Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal.
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala
Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans
Black Stork Ciconia nigra
Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus
White Stork Ciconia ciconia
Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus
Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Threskiornithidae
The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus
Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus (A)
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
Flamingos
Order: Phoenicopteriformes. Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus (A)
Ducks, geese and swans
Order: Anseriformes. Family: Anatidae
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 34 species which occur in Nepal.
Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus (A)
Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus (A)
Bean Goose Anser fabalis
Greylag Goose Anser anser
Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
Cotton Pygmy-goose Nettapus coromandelianus
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope
Falcated Duck Anas falcata
Gadwall Anas strepera
Baikal Teal Anas formosa
Eurasian Teal Anas crecca
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos
Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha
Northern Pintail Anas acuta
Garganey Anas querquedula
Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina
Common Pochard Aythya ferina
Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca
Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri (A)
Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula
Greater Scaup Aythya marila
Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus
Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis (A)
Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula
Smew Mergellus albellus (A)
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator (A)
Common Merganser Mergus merganser
Osprey
Order: Falconiformes. Family: Pandionidae
The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, kites and eagles
Order: Falconiformes. Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 50 species which occur in Nepal.
Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni (A)
Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes
Crested Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus
Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus
Red Kite Milvus milvus
Black Kite Milvus migrans
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
Pallas's Fish Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus
White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla
Lesser Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis
Gray-headed Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus
Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus
White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis
Indian Vulture Gyps indicus
Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris
Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis
Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus
Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus
Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus
Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela
Western Marsh-Harrier Circus aeruginosus
Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus
Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus
Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos
Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus
Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus
Shikra Accipiter badius
Besra Accipiter virgatus
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus
Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis
White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa
Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo
Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus
Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius
Black Eagle Ictinaetus malayensis
Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina
Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata
Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga
Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax
Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis
Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciatus
Booted Eagle Aquila pennatus
Rufous-bellied Eagle Aquila kienerii
Crested Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus
Flores Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus floris
Mountain Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus nipalensis
Caracaras and falcons
Order: Falconiformes. Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Nepal.
Collared Falconet Microhierax caerulescens
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni
Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera
Amur Falcon Falco amurensis
Merlin Falco columbarius
Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo
Oriental Hobby Falco severus
Laggar Falcon Falco jugger
Saker Falcon Falco cherrug
Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
Pheasants and partridges
Order: Galliformes. Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 24 species which occur in Nepal.
Snow Partridge Lerwa lerwa
Tibetan Snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus
Himalayan Snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis
Chukar Alectoris chukar
Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus
Gray Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus
Swamp Francolin Francolinus gularis
Tibetan Partridge Perdix hodgsoniae
Common Quail Coturnix coturnix
Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica (A)
Blue-breasted Quail Coturnix chinensis
Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica (A)
Hill Partridge Arborophila torqueola
Rufous-throated Partridge Arborophila rufogularis
Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea
Blood Pheasant Ithaginis cruentus
Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus
Satyr Tragopan Tragopan satyra
Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha
Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos
Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichi
Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus
Buttonquails
Order: Gruiformes. Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails.The female is the brighter of the sexes, and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvatica
Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki
Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator
Cranes
Order: Gruiformes. Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo
Sarus Crane Grus antigone
Common Crane Grus grus
Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis (A)
Rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots
Order: Gruiformes. Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 13 species which occur in Nepal.
Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides
Slaty-breasted Rail Gallirallus striatus (A)
Water Rail Rallus aquaticus (A)
Brown Crake Amaurornis akool
White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus
Black-tailed Crake Amaurornis bicolor (A)
Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla
Spotted Crake Porzana porzana
Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca
Watercock Gallicrex cinerea
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio
Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra
Bustards
Order: Gruiformes. Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. There are 26 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (A)
Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis
Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica
Jacanas
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found worldwide in the Tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus
Painted snipe
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Rostratulidae
Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis
Oystercatchers
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus (A)
Ibisbill
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Ibidorhynchidae
The Ibisbill is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family. The adult is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down curved bill, and a black face and black breast band.
Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii
Avocets and stilts
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta
Thick-knees
Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus
Great Thick-knee Burhinus recurvirostris
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