Favorite Quotes

Some of My Personal Top Favorites

If we all worked on the assumption that what is accepted as true were really true, there would be little hope of advance. Orville Wright

When I want to read a novel, I write one. Benjamin Disraeli

If we are facing in the right direction, all we have to do is keep on walking. Zen Proverb

In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual. Galileo Galilei

You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life Winston Churchill

Play for more than you can afford to lose and you will learn the game. Winston Churchill

Patience and the mulberry leaf becomes a silk gown. Chinese Proverb

Never say more than is necessary. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

You must be the change you wish to see in the world. Mahatma Ghandi

There comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular, but he must take it because his conscience tells him it is right. Martin Luther

That which does not kill you makes you stronger. Neitzsche

It is better to light one candle than to curse the darkness. Chinese Proverb

Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. Albert Einstein

We always strive after what is forbidden, and desire the things refused us. Ovid

The Athenians, alarmed at the internal decay of their Republic, asked Demosthenes what to do. His reply: "Do not do what you are doing now." Joseph Ray

If you don't know where you are going, you'll end up some place else. Yogi Berra

When one door closes another opens. But often we look so long so regretfully upon the closed door that we fail to see the one that has opened for us. Helen Keller

There is time for everything. Thomas A. Edison

Every generation laughs at the old fashions, but religiously follows the new. Henry David

Thoreau I demolish my bridges behind me...then there is no choice but to move forward. Firdtjof Nansen

Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Ralph Waldo Emerson

The worst thing you can try to do is cling to something that is gone, or to recreate it. Johnette Neapolitan

You cannot step twice into the same river, for other waters are continually flowing on. Heraclitus

Happiness does not depend on outward things, but on the way we see them. Leo Tolstoy

The art of living lies less in eliminating our troubles than in growing with them. Bernard M. Baruch

The shortest way to do many things is to do only one thing at a time. Richard Cech Imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein

Distrust any enterprise that requires new clothes. Henry David Thoreau

We don't live in a world of reality, we live in a world of perceptions. Gerald J. Simmons

The first and greatest commandment is, Don't let them scare you. Elmer Davis

DASHAIN WISHES (SMS)

Dashain au6 jan6, dasha naaos,
Tika lain6, khas6, bhagya nakhasos,
Jamara lain6 suk6, khushi nasukos,
Ping khelin6, chudin6, sambandhako dori nachudios.
'HAPPY DASHAIN'


Thuloko aashis,
Saanoko maya,
Dashainko ramjham
sadhai rahi rahos.
Happy DASHAIN !!!



Pani khojda beer bhetiyos, Dhara kholda wine bagos, Chicken khanda, sanpro paros, Mutton khanda, hyakula bhetos, Yehi nai “Dashain” ko shuvakamana.



Wishing each one of you a very happy and prosperous dashain. May this year brings you lots and lots of happiness in life and fulfill all your dreams.


Memories of moments celebrated together…….
Moments that have been attached in my heart, forever…….
Make me Miss You even more this dashain Hope this dashain brings in Good Fortune & Abounding. Happiness for you!


warm DASHAIN wish for every happiness. May the warmth and splendor, that are a part of this auspicious occasion, fill your life with happiness and bright cheer, and bring to you joy and prosperity, for the whole year.


A Cup of hot hello, A plate of crispy wishes, a spoon of sweet smiles and A slice of great success Specially 4 U. .. Wish a very very HAPPY BIJAYA DASHAMI


May ur happiness b as big as Ganeshji's ear, ur problem b as tiny as his mouse, ur LIFE b as long as his trunk n moments b as sweet as his Laddu. HAPPY PEACEFUL DASHAIN



Ghyampo-bhari raksi hos
nidharma tika hos
sathibhai haru sanga ramailo hos
hathma ekka ko trail hos. HAPPY DASHAIN.



Changa chait ramailo bhet
Khasiko rate masuko plate
Juwako khal chiurako thal
68 saal Dashain babbal
Happy Dashain



Three people are asking ur mobile no. with me.
I didn't give ur no but I gave home address to them.
They are coming at ur home in this Dashain.
They are Sukha, Shanti and Samriddhi.
Please welcome them. SUBHA DASHAIN. enjoy !!



It is time to feel good, time 4 reunion, time 2 share happiness, time to feel being loved,time 2 show ur love, time 2 live for others and time to wish for peace. HAPPY DASHAIN.cheeeeeers



A RELAXED mind, A PEACEFUL soul, A JOYFUL spirit, A HEAL THY body, Be A Heartfull of Love,May U have all these Everyday. Happy Dashain!



Before the Golden Sun Rise,
let me decorate each of the Rays with Wishes of Success, prosperous and Happiness 4 u and 4 ur Family. HåpPY D@SH@iN



This sms with xplode in 5 seconds.
5
4
3
2
1
((((((BOOM))))))
"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*
****HAPPY DASHAIN****
"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*"*



Look Outside...
It's so pleasant!
Sun Smiling For you...
Trees Dancing for you...
Birds singing for you...
Because I requested them All to wish You. HAPPY DASHAIN




Maulawos jindagi makhamali sari,
Muskurawos khusi sayapatri sari,
Chamkiwos naam nidhar ko tika sari,
Akhanda rahos udeshya puja ko diyo sari.
Wishing you and your family HAPPY DASHAIN




May ur happiness b as big as Ganeshji's ear, ur problem b as tiny as his mouse, ur LIFE b as long as his trunk n moments b as sweet as his Laddu. HAPPY VIJAYA DASHAMI




,.-~*´¨¯¨`*•~-.¸-(_ Wishing You _)-,.-~*´¨¯¨`*•~-.¸
׺°"~`"°º××÷•.•´¯`•)» Å VË®¥ HåppY D@SH@iN «(•´¯`•.•÷×׺°"~`"°º×

Birds species of Nepal

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Nepal. The avifauna of Nepal includes a total of 900 species, of which 2 are endemic, 1 has been introduced by humans, and 74 are rare or accidental. 32 species are globally threatened. This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Nepal. The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. The commonly occurring, native, species do not fall into any of these categories. (A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Nepal. (E) Endemic A species endemic to Nepal. (I) Introduced A species introduced to Nepal as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions. Table of contents Non-passerines: Grebes . Pelicans . Cormorants . Darters . Bitterns, Herons and Egrets . Storks . Ibises and Spoonbills . Flamingos . Ducks, Geese and Swans . Osprey . Hawks, Kites and Eagles . Caracaras and Falcons . Pheasants and Partridges . Buttonquails . Cranes . Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots . Bustards . Jacanas . Painted snipe . Oystercatchers . Ibisbill . Avocets and Stilts . Thick-knees . Pratincoles and Coursers . Plovers and Lapwings . Sandpipers and allies . Gulls . Terns . Skimmers . Sandgrouse . Pigeons and Doves . Parrots, Macaws and allies . Cuckoos and Anis . Barn owls . Typical owls . Nightjars . Swifts . Treeswifts . Trogons and Quetzals . Kingfishers . Bee-eaters . Typical Rollers . Hoopoes . Hornbills . Barbets . Honeyguides . Woodpeckers and allies . Passerines: Broadbills . Pittas . Larks . Swallows and Martins . Wagtails and Pipits . Cuckoo-shrikes . Bulbuls . Kinglets . Leafbirds . Ioras . Waxwings . Dippers . Wrens . Accentors . Thrushes and allies . Cisticolas and allies . Old World warblers . Old World flycatchers . Fantails . Monarch flycatchers . Babblers . Parrotbills . Long-tailed tits . Chickadees and Titmice . Nuthatches . Wallcreeper . Treecreepers . Penduline tits . Sunbirds and Spiderhunters . Flowerpeckers . White-eyes . Old World Orioles . Fairy-bluebirds . Shrikes . Helmetshrikes . Drongos . Woodswallows . Crows, Jays, Ravens and Magpies . Starlings . Weavers and allies . Waxbills and allies . Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies . Siskins, Crossbills and allies . Sparrows . Grebes Order: Podicipediformes. Family: Podicipedidae Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal. Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Pelicans Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Pelecanidae Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal. Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus (A) Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis Cormorants Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Phalacrocoracidae The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal. Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Darters Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Anhingidae Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal. Darter Anhinga melanogaster Bitterns, herons and egrets Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Nepal. Gray Heron Ardea cinerea White-bellied Heron Ardea insignis Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae Little Egret Egretta garzetta Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Striated Heron Butorides striata Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Malayan Night-Heron Gorsachius melanolophus (A) Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris Storks Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal. Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans Black Stork Ciconia nigra Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus White Stork Ciconia ciconia Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius Ibises and spoonbills Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Threskiornithidae The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal. Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus (A) Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Flamingos Order: Phoenicopteriformes. Family: Phoenicopteridae Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal. Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus (A) Ducks, geese and swans Order: Anseriformes. Family: Anatidae The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 34 species which occur in Nepal. Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor (A) Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus (A) Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus (A) Bean Goose Anser fabalis Greylag Goose Anser anser Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Cotton Pygmy-goose Nettapus coromandelianus Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope Falcated Duck Anas falcata Gadwall Anas strepera Baikal Teal Anas formosa Eurasian Teal Anas crecca Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha Northern Pintail Anas acuta Garganey Anas querquedula Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina Common Pochard Aythya ferina Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri (A) Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula Greater Scaup Aythya marila Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis (A) Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Smew Mergellus albellus (A) Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator (A) Common Merganser Mergus merganser Osprey Order: Falconiformes. Family: Pandionidae The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. Osprey Pandion haliaetus Hawks, kites and eagles Order: Falconiformes. Family: Accipitridae Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 50 species which occur in Nepal. Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni (A) Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes Crested Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus Red Kite Milvus milvus Black Kite Milvus migrans Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Pallas's Fish Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Lesser Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis Gray-headed Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis Indian Vulture Gyps indicus Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Western Marsh-Harrier Circus aeruginosus Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus Shikra Accipiter badius Besra Accipiter virgatus Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius Black Eagle Ictinaetus malayensis Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciatus Booted Eagle Aquila pennatus Rufous-bellied Eagle Aquila kienerii Crested Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus Flores Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus floris Mountain Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus nipalensis Caracaras and falcons Order: Falconiformes. Family: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Nepal. Collared Falconet Microhierax caerulescens Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera Amur Falcon Falco amurensis Merlin Falco columbarius Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo Oriental Hobby Falco severus Laggar Falcon Falco jugger Saker Falcon Falco cherrug Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Pheasants and partridges Order: Galliformes. Family: Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 24 species which occur in Nepal. Snow Partridge Lerwa lerwa Tibetan Snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus Himalayan Snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis Chukar Alectoris chukar Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Gray Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus Swamp Francolin Francolinus gularis Tibetan Partridge Perdix hodgsoniae Common Quail Coturnix coturnix Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica (A) Blue-breasted Quail Coturnix chinensis Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica (A) Hill Partridge Arborophila torqueola Rufous-throated Partridge Arborophila rufogularis Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea Blood Pheasant Ithaginis cruentus Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus Satyr Tragopan Tragopan satyra Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichi Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Buttonquails Order: Gruiformes. Family: Turnicidae The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails.The female is the brighter of the sexes, and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal. Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvatica Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator Cranes Order: Gruiformes. Family: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal. Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo Sarus Crane Grus antigone Common Crane Grus grus Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis (A) Rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots Order: Gruiformes. Family: Rallidae Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 13 species which occur in Nepal. Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides Slaty-breasted Rail Gallirallus striatus (A) Water Rail Rallus aquaticus (A) Brown Crake Amaurornis akool White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Black-tailed Crake Amaurornis bicolor (A) Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla Spotted Crake Porzana porzana Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca Watercock Gallicrex cinerea Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Bustards Order: Gruiformes. Family: Otididae Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. There are 26 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal. Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (A) Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica Jacanas Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Jacanidae The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found worldwide in the Tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal. Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus Painted snipe Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Rostratulidae Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal. Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis Oystercatchers Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Haematopodidae The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal. Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus (A) Ibisbill Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Ibidorhynchidae The Ibisbill is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family. The adult is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down curved bill, and a black face and black breast band. Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii Avocets and stilts Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal. Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta Thick-knees Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal. Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus Great Thick-knee Burhinus recurvirostris

Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev

Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह)

(28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was a King of Nepal. The son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded in 1972, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre. He is the most internationally well-known Nepalese king in modern history. Birendra was born at the Narayanhity Royal Palace in Kathmandu as the eldest son of the then Crown Prince Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev and his wife Crown Princess Indra Rajya Laxmi.[1] Birendra was the first Nepalese monarch to receive a formal education. He spent eight years studying at St Joseph's College, a Jesuit school in Darjeeling, India. On 13 March 1955 his grandfather King Tribhuvan died and his father succeeded to the Nepalese throne. With his father's ascension Birendra became the Crown Prince of Nepal. In 1959 Birendra enrolled at Eton College in the United Kingdom. After studying at Eton until 1964 he returned to Nepal where he began to explore the country by travelling incognito to remote parts of the country where he lived on whatever was available in the villages and monasteries.[1] He later completed his education by spending some time at the University of Tokyo before studying political theory at Harvard University from 1967 to 1968.[2] Late King Birendra enjoyed to travel in his youth and went on trips to Canada, Latin America, Africa and a number of Asian countries. He was also an art collector and supporter of Nepalese crafts people and artists. He also learnt to fly helicopters.[3] Birendra was married to Aishwarya Rajya Laxmi Devi Rana from the Rana family on 27 February 1970.[4] The wedding which was billed as one of the most lavish Hindu nuptial ceremonies in history cost $9.5 million to stage.[5] Birendra and Aishwaraya had three children and one half daughter Princess Teesha. Prince Dipendra (27 June 1971 – 4 June 2001) Princess Shruti (15 October 1976 – 1 June 2001) Prince Nirajan (6 November 1977–1 June 2001) [edit] Reign Birendra succeeded to the throne on 31 January 1972 on the death of his father. On his ascension he was effectively an absolute monarch as he inherited a country where political parties were banned and he ruled through a system of local and regional councils known as panchayats.[3] Birendra resented the absolute monarch tag maintaining that he presided over a democracy in which representatives to the assembly were indirectly elected and saying that his poor and backward country could not afford a democracy based on party politics and that it needed firm and decisive government.[6] His first trips abroad as king were to India in October 1973 and China two months later as he believed that Nepal, sandwiched between the two Asian powers, should have good relations with both.[7] In an attempt to maintain the panchayat system of government prominent leaders of the Nepali Congress Party were arrested.[3] Because of the growing pro democracy movement Birendra announced that a referendum to decide between a non-party and a multi-party system would be held. The referendum was held in May 1980 with the non-party system winning by a margin of 55% to 45%.[7] During the 1980s the restraints that had been imposed on political organisations were starting to ease and liberal student-led groups were starting to appear demanding constitutional change in Nepal.[2] He was made a British Field Marshal in 1980. In 1990 a series of strikes and pro-democracy riots broke out in Nepal. Because of the rioting Birendra agreed to become a constitutional monarch. He appointed an independent Constitution Recommendation Commission to represent the main opposition factions and to prepare a new constitution to accommodate their demands for political reform. The commission presented him with the draft of the proposed constitution on 10 September 1990. The new constitution would make Birendra head of state of a constitutional monarchy with a system of multiparty democracy. The draft constitution was approved by the Prime Minister K.P. Bhattarai and his cabinet and so on 9 November 1990 Birendra promulgated the new constitution transforming Nepal into a constitutional monarchy.[8] However, the quarrels between various political parties and numerous social problems led to the Nepalese Civil War, a conflict between Maoist rebels and government forces, which lasted from 1996 until 2006.

danfe

The Himalayan Monal, Lophophorus impejanus also known as the Impeyan Monal or Impeyan Pheasant or Danphe. It is the National bird of Nepal, where it is known as the Danfe, and the state bird of Uttarakhand. There is, so far, no confirmed record of subspecies in the Himalayan Monal. However, recent studies have shown that the male Himalayan Monals of northwestern India lack the white rump that many Himalayan Monals have, and have more green on the breast, indicating the possibility of a second subspecies. It is the boon

of nature to our country Nepal.

Agriculture

Nepal is a developing country so the main occupation here is agriculture. In our country the main agriculture crops are maize, barley, millet, paddy and others. Here people doesnot have nice irrigation facility so people depend upon rainfall to grow their products. Nepal earn about 32% of total gross national products from agricultural products. About 80% of total Neplease are involve in agricultural. Few irrigation projects are running in our country but these projects are not sufficient for Neplease people. By the help of these projects various crops are grown in different parts. Few cash crops such as sugarcane, jute etc are grown from where people can earn their living. "BIRATNAGAR JUTE MILL" is the biggest large scale industry which is completely based on agricultural products. Government of Nepal is running various programme to improve the agricultural products in our country and make it independent in agricultural field.

Transport

Nepal being the landlocked country water transport is unavailable outside the country. The main means of transport is road transportation and air transportation. As the geographical structure is varies road transportation is a big challange in our country. Through the obstracles there are different highway made for the road transportation. Among all these Mahendra Highway is the longest highway of Nepal which lies on the Terai Region. Its length is more than 1000 km. There are many other highways like Prithivi Highway, Araniko Highway, ...... etc. Another means is Airways. The airways is giving service to such place where road ways is unavailable. Different company like Buddha air, are giving service to us. The only rope way in our country lies on the way to the goodess temple Manakamana. Helicopters are used as air means. there is only one internatoinal airport named as Tribhuwan International Airport.

Mountain

Nepal is known as the country of mountains. The world higest peak Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) lies in our country Nepal. The height of Mount Everest is 8848 meters. Not only Mount Everest there are many other peaks who are listed in world top 10 highest mountain. Accourding to the geographical distribution of Nepal most of the mountain lies on Mountain Region. Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Makalu Barun, Kanchanganjha..... etc are the mountain that lies in our country. The world highest peak is the main attraction of our country for the tourist. Many people from all arount the globe visit Nepal every year. During their visit they also visit different mountain including Mount Everest. The mountains covered by the snow gives tourist the new kind of attraction. This makes them visit our country again and again.

Water

Nepal is rich in water resources. It is the second richest country in the world in water resources. Many rivers flow from the mountain and it passes through the terai region of Nepal. Many brooks and stream serves the people in many ways. They are adventageous for drinking, irrigation, transportation, rafting, running hydroelectricity projects and so no. Water resources are being used in many ways. Many big rivers floats from north part of our country to the south part. Not only the rivers but there are many lakes also. Phewa lake, Tilicho lake are some of the lakes in Nepal. As the geographical structure is different the rivers float from high place to low palce. Narayani, Sapta gandaki, Koshi, Mechi, Mahakali.... etc are the major river of Nepal.

Forest

Among the total area of Nepal forest cover almost 40% of the area. Its said that "HARIO BAN NEPAL KO DHAN". Forest is the boon of nature to us. The forest of Nepal is very dense. Different trees and plants are grown in the forest of nepal. Fire wood is the main advantage to the people of Nepal because as Nepal is develloping country its lack the new technology which are being used all over the world. Forest also provide shelter to the people as well as to many wild animals. Different rare animals and birds are found in the forest of Nepal. The forest covers the wide range of many National Parks. Many kinds of herbs that are useful to made many medicine are found in the forest. From the forest people are having good income. Mainly saal, sisau, chilaune ...... etc are found in the forest.

Music

The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with the every event in Nepal. People of nepal have different traditional and cultural music accourding to the ethinic groups. Traditional music are kept carefully and is being spread to the new generations. People perform such music with dance in different ocassions. Mostly Nepali music is divided into three major parts as pop music, folk music and adhunik music. Folk music are the original music of Nepal where pop and adhunik music are entered in our country by the influence of Western countries. NARAYAN GOPAL is the father of music since he was born for music. He take the music to the new height of popularity.

Food

Nepalese are great foodies and their food varieties are hot, spicy and nutritious. Food cooking and its types is different accourding to the ethnic group in Nepal. People have different kinds of food accourding to their requirements. Mostly people have variety of foods during the festivals like DASHAIN, TIHAR, LOSHAR etc... Nawari and Thakali cuisines are the original taste of Nepal. Nepalese style of cooking has been influenced by Tibetian cooking. Dal, Bhat and Tarkari is the staple food of Nepal. Meat, curries and monos are the hot favorites among the people of Nepal and also to the tourists. People like Dhido and its very popular all over the nation.

Art and Culture

Culture is embedded in the high peaks of Nepal, tradition flows with its river, art traverses through its valleys. Nepal in short is a country where art and culture are a part of life of the inhabitants. People celebrate every moment with aroma, adding novelty to the traditions without affecting their essence. The art and architecture of Nepal is deeply influenced by the religion. Unique craftsmanship can be found in temples, architecture, shrines, fountains and the design of religious objects. Art and religion is so deeply interlocked that it is impossible to seperate the one from the other. All art forms express both Hindu and Buddhist iconography. The culture of Nepal is a assemblage of music, architecture, religion and literature. the mountain kingdom is multi-ehtic and multi-lingual. The land is rich with unique cultural groups like chhetri, brahamns, newar, tharu and many others.

Religion

Religion in Nepal is not a system of social coherence and beliefs, rather it is the binding force that ties the mountain country together. Most of people follows Hinduism as their main religion although it is secular kingdom. It was only Hindu country an the whole world until 14 jestha 2066 when it was deceleared as secular kingdom. This country is the birthplace of "LIGHT OF ASIA:-GAUTAM BUDDHA". Many monisteries and gumbas are eastablished in our country in the sweet remerbance of GAUTAM BUDDHA who teach the whole world about non voilence and the way of life to truthfulness. Neplease people celebrate DASHAIN as their greatest festival and TIHAR as their second grestest festival. It is also famous as country of temples. Temples like Pashupatinath, Symbunath, Changunarayan and others are listed in world heritage list by UNESCO. Every year many people from all above the world visit all these places and enjoy their life. Others gods which are respected and worshipped are Shiva, Bishnu, Ganesh, laxmi, Swasrat, etc..... Not only Hindu people following others religion lives here and there is mutual cooperation between them and all the people following different religion lives happily and respect eachothers religion.

National flag

As Nepal is unique it has only flag in the whole world which is not in rectangular or square in shape. Its shape is made by using two triangle. Coming in existance from 16 december 1962 it comprises of a sun and the moon in red background and blue border which has replaced mans face from it in 1962. The national flag of Nepal anticiptes that our country will last as long as there is existance of sun and moon in Earth. The blue border on the flag indicates peace,red stand for the color of rhododendron(national flower). The curved moon is symbol of Nepal itself and the sun represent the Rana Dynesty. The flag of our countey is placed at the world heighest peak Sagarmatha.

my country

Situated in the lap of the himalays my country "NEPAL" is one of the country full of natural beauty and diversity in the geographical structure. With an area of 147181 sq km and the population about 30 million it is 93rd and 53rd biggest country in terms of area and population respectively. The average population density is about 54 people per square kilometer and it is very thinly populated in the himalayan region,average population density in hilly and very high population density ie 119 per sq. km terai region is found in our country. Divided in three geographical region and five adminstrative region it is using decentralization types of admistration and powers are divided equally among the development regions. Named as EASTERN, CENTER, WESTERN, MID-WESTERN AND FAR-WESTERN development region from east to west respectively in 2037 B.S. But now the concept of centralization is being discussed between political parties.